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Revati S Misra

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Krishnapriya Rajeev

Krishnapriya Rajeev

07-Apr-2023

RISC and CISC are two types of microprocessors used in computer architecture.

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing): RISC is a type of processor architecture that emphasizes simple and streamlined instructions, with a focus on executing them quickly. RISC processors have a relatively small set of instructions, with each instruction performing a very specific task. This allows RISC processors to execute instructions quickly and efficiently, with a low cycle time. 

Examples of RISC processors include ARM, MIPS, and PowerPC.

CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing): CISC is a type of processor architecture that includes a large set of complex instructions, capable of performing multiple tasks in a single instruction. CISC processors are designed to execute complex instructions quickly but at the cost of a longer cycle time. 

Examples of CISC processors include Intel x86 processors, which are commonly used in personal computers and servers.

Some of the main differences between RISC and CISC are listed below:

  1. Instruction set: RISC processors have a smaller and simpler instruction set, which makes them easier to design and implement. CISC processors, on the other hand, have a larger and more complex instruction set that can perform more functions in a single instruction.
  2. Pipeline depth: RISC processors have a deeper pipeline, which means that they can execute more instructions simultaneously. CISC processors have a shallower pipeline, which means that they can execute fewer instructions simultaneously.
  3. Registers: RISC processors have more registers than CISC processors, which reduces the number of memory accesses required during instruction execution.
  4. Memory access: CISC processors tend to have more memory access modes than RISC processors, which can make them more flexible but also slower.
  5. Code density: RISC processors tend to have more compact code than CISC processors, which can lead to smaller program sizes and faster execution times.

Overall, RISC processors are simpler, faster, and more efficient in terms of hardware resources, while CISC processors are more complex, flexible, and capable of performing more functions in a single instruction.

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