The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) handles runtime exceptions by searching the call stack for a matching exception handler. The call stack is a record of the methods that have been called, and it is used to determine which method should handle the exception.

If a matching exception handler is found, the JVM will transfer control to the exception handler. The exception handler will then handle the exception, which may involve logging the exception, displaying an error message, or terminating the program.

If a matching exception handler is not found, the JVM will terminate the program. This is because runtime exceptions are typically caused by programming errors, and there is no way to recover from them.

Here are the steps on how the JVM handles runtime exceptions:

1. The JVM identifies the exception that was thrown.
2. The JVM searches the call stack for a matching exception handler.
3. If a matching exception handler is found, the JVM transfers control to the exception handler.
4. The exception handler handles the exception.
5. If a matching exception handler is not found, the JVM terminates the program.

Here are some additional details about how the JVM handles runtime exceptions:

• The call stack is a stack data structure that stores the method invocation history. The call stack is used to determine which method should handle an exception.
• The exception handler is a block of code that is used to handle an exception. The exception handler can log the exception, display an error message, or terminate the program.
• The JVM terminates the program if a matching exception handler is not found. This is because runtime exceptions are typically caused by programming errors, and there is no way to recover from them.