Union and intersection types are two essential concepts in TypeScript for defining complex types by combining multiple types. They provide flexibility and expressiveness when working with diverse data structures. Here's an overview of union and intersection types:

Union Types (|):

• A union type is formed by combining multiple types with the | operator. A value of a union type can be one of the specified types.
• Use cases for union types:
  • Handling different data types for a variable.
  • Modeling scenarios where a value can be one of several possible types.

Intersection Types (&):

• An intersection type is formed by combining multiple types with the & operator. A value of an intersection type must satisfy all the specified types simultaneously.
• Use cases for intersection types:
  • Combining multiple objects into a single object with all their properties.
  • Defining more precise types for complex data structures.

Distinguishing Union and Intersection Types:

• Union types are used to represent values that can be of multiple types, providing flexibility when a variable can hold different types.
• Intersection types are used to create more specific types that combine properties and methods from multiple types, ensuring a value adheres to all the combined types.

Type Guards:

• When working with union types, type guards like typeof, instanceof, and custom functions help ensure that you're working with the correct type within a union.
• With intersection types, there's no need for type guards because the value is required to satisfy all the intersected types.

Conditional Types:

• TypeScript's conditional types are often used in conjunction with union types to create more complex type logic based on the types within the union.

In summary, union and intersection types are valuable features in TypeScript that allow you to create flexible and precise type definitions, enabling you to express a wide range of data structures and use cases in a type-safe manner.