Thermoelectric devices turn thermal energy into electricity by creating a voltage from the temperature differential between the hot and cold sections of a device. Without losing accuracy, researchers trained a machine learning technique to capture the physics of electrons travelling on a lattice using a far less number of equations than would ordinarily be necessary.

Researchers utilized neutrons to investigate single crystals of tin sulfide and tin selenide to better understand how the conversion process happens at the atomic scale. They measured changes that were temperature dependent. The tests found a strong connection between structural changes at different temperatures and the frequency of atomic vibrations (phonons).

This connection influences how heat is conducted by the materials. The study also identified the ideal temperatures for energy conversion. It also provided fundamental scientific insights that may be used to assist researchers to create new materials with improved thermoelectric performance.

The development of clean energy technology requires thermoelectric materials. Neutron scattering was used to learn more about the phonon renormalization process. This quantum mechanical process explains why two typical thermoelectric materials have extremely low thermal conductivities. The results could aid in the development of materials for thermoelectric devices that are more effective. Additionally, it will advance technology for converting renewable energy sources.

Thermal energy is transformed into electricity using thermoelectrics. They are a part of the range of renewable energy innovations that can lessen the effects of global warming. Because of their relatively poor efficiency and the scarcity of resources, thermoelectrics face some significant obstacles. Scientists need a fundamental understanding of the mechanism permitting ultralow thermal conductivity in order to design materials with improved efficiency.